Top 10 Best Things to Do in Vietnam

A UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1999, Hoi An's trading port old town is the best-preserved example of a Southeast Asian port city from the 15th to 19th centuries, with 1,107 historic buildings including Japanese merchant houses, Chinese assembly halls, and French colonial facades surviving intact. The town of 120,000 bans motorbikes from its ancient core after 6pm, when 1,000 silk lanterns illuminate the streets and the Thu Bon River reflects the glow -- creating what Conde Nast Traveller has repeatedly ranked Asia's most beautiful town.

The 36-street Old Quarter of Hanoi has been organized by trade since the 13th century -- each street named for the guild that dominated it (Silk Street, Paper Street, Tin Street) -- and still functions as a living commercial district where 70,000 residents occupy shophouse buildings that have changed little in 300 years. The street food of the Old Quarter, from pho bo at 6am to bun cha charcoal-grilled at midday, was declared by Anthony Bourdain in 2016 to be among the world's great culinary experiences.

The former Saigon -- renamed after reunification in 1975 but still universally called Saigon by its 9 million residents -- is Southeast Asia's most energetic city, where 8 million motorbikes create a perpetual river of traffic and a street food scene of 30,000 vendors serves every Vietnamese regional cuisine simultaneously. The War Remnants Museum, visited by 500,000 people annually, offers the most unflinching account of the Vietnam War from the Vietnamese perspective available anywhere in the world.

The Nguyen dynasty capital from 1802 to 1945 contains a UNESCO-listed citadel complex of 140 monuments including the Imperial Enclosure, the Forbidden Purple City, and seven royal tombs spread along the Perfume River -- the most concentrated collection of imperial Vietnamese architecture in existence. Hue royal cuisine, developed for emperors who demanded 50 dishes per meal, has been recognized by UNESCO as Vietnam's most sophisticated culinary tradition, and the city's banh mi and bun bo Hue are considered the finest versions of those dishes in Vietnam.

The terraced rice paddies carved into the Hoang Lien Son mountains of northwest Vietnam by Hmong and Red Dao ethnic communities over 2,000 years create a landscape of such agricultural beauty that they were listed as one of the world's greatest wonders by UNESCO Asia. The terraces cascade from peaks at 3,143 metres down to valley floors, flooding gold in September's harvest season and creating reflective mirrors during the planting season that have made Sapa Vietnam's most photographed landscape after Ha Long Bay.

A UNESCO World Heritage Site containing the world's largest cave system -- including Son Doong, discovered in 2009, which is large enough to contain a 40-story building and has its own localized weather systems with clouds forming inside its 200-metre-high chambers. The park covers 885 square kilometres of karst mountains in Quang Binh province and contains 400 cave systems, of which only 20 have been explored, making it one of the last great geographical frontiers accessible to tourists.

The vast river delta where the Mekong divides into nine tributaries before reaching the South China Sea is home to 20 million people who live on floating villages, fish from sampans, and cultivate the rice paddies that make Vietnam the world's third-largest rice exporter. The floating markets of Can Tho -- where hundreds of wooden boats laden with tropical fruit gather at dawn -- represent a trading culture unchanged for centuries and are among the most vivid market experiences in all of Southeast Asia.

Vietnam's third-largest city sits between the UNESCO-listed Hoi An and the imperial city of Hue, making it the ideal base for exploring central Vietnam, and its My Khe Beach was designated by US soldiers during the Vietnam War as China Beach for rest and recreation -- one of Asia's finest stretches of white sand. The Marble Mountains -- five limestone and marble hills riddled with Buddhist sanctuaries and Cham Hindu temples dating to the 7th century -- rise directly from the sand 5 kilometres from the beach.

A remote archipelago of 16 islands 230 kilometres off the southern Vietnamese coast, Con Dao was Vietnam's most notorious prison colony from 1862 to 1975 -- where 20,000 Vietnamese independence fighters, including future Communist Party leaders, died in the so-called Tiger Cages. Today the same islands contain Vietnam's finest national park, with nesting leatherback sea turtles on protected beaches, dugongs feeding in seagrass meadows, and coral reefs ranked among the most pristine in Southeast Asia by the World Wildlife Fund.

A UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1999, Hoi An's trading port old town is the best-preserved example of a Southeast Asian port city from the 15th to 19th centuries, with 1,107 historic buildings including Japanese merchant houses, Chinese assembly halls, and French colonial facades surviving intact. The town of 120,000 bans motorbikes from its ancient core after 6pm, when 1,000 silk lanterns illuminate the streets and the Thu Bon River reflects the glow -- creating what Conde Nast Traveller has repeatedly ranked Asia's most beautiful town.

The 36-street Old Quarter of Hanoi has been organized by trade since the 13th century -- each street named for the guild that dominated it (Silk Street, Paper Street, Tin Street) -- and still functions as a living commercial district where 70,000 residents occupy shophouse buildings that have changed little in 300 years. The street food of the Old Quarter, from pho bo at 6am to bun cha charcoal-grilled at midday, was declared by Anthony Bourdain in 2016 to be among the world's great culinary experiences.

The former Saigon -- renamed after reunification in 1975 but still universally called Saigon by its 9 million residents -- is Southeast Asia's most energetic city, where 8 million motorbikes create a perpetual river of traffic and a street food scene of 30,000 vendors serves every Vietnamese regional cuisine simultaneously. The War Remnants Museum, visited by 500,000 people annually, offers the most unflinching account of the Vietnam War from the Vietnamese perspective available anywhere in the world.

The Nguyen dynasty capital from 1802 to 1945 contains a UNESCO-listed citadel complex of 140 monuments including the Imperial Enclosure, the Forbidden Purple City, and seven royal tombs spread along the Perfume River -- the most concentrated collection of imperial Vietnamese architecture in existence. Hue royal cuisine, developed for emperors who demanded 50 dishes per meal, has been recognized by UNESCO as Vietnam's most sophisticated culinary tradition, and the city's banh mi and bun bo Hue are considered the finest versions of those dishes in Vietnam.

The terraced rice paddies carved into the Hoang Lien Son mountains of northwest Vietnam by Hmong and Red Dao ethnic communities over 2,000 years create a landscape of such agricultural beauty that they were listed as one of the world's greatest wonders by UNESCO Asia. The terraces cascade from peaks at 3,143 metres down to valley floors, flooding gold in September's harvest season and creating reflective mirrors during the planting season that have made Sapa Vietnam's most photographed landscape after Ha Long Bay.

A UNESCO World Heritage Site containing the world's largest cave system -- including Son Doong, discovered in 2009, which is large enough to contain a 40-story building and has its own localized weather systems with clouds forming inside its 200-metre-high chambers. The park covers 885 square kilometres of karst mountains in Quang Binh province and contains 400 cave systems, of which only 20 have been explored, making it one of the last great geographical frontiers accessible to tourists.

The vast river delta where the Mekong divides into nine tributaries before reaching the South China Sea is home to 20 million people who live on floating villages, fish from sampans, and cultivate the rice paddies that make Vietnam the world's third-largest rice exporter. The floating markets of Can Tho -- where hundreds of wooden boats laden with tropical fruit gather at dawn -- represent a trading culture unchanged for centuries and are among the most vivid market experiences in all of Southeast Asia.

Vietnam's third-largest city sits between the UNESCO-listed Hoi An and the imperial city of Hue, making it the ideal base for exploring central Vietnam, and its My Khe Beach was designated by US soldiers during the Vietnam War as China Beach for rest and recreation -- one of Asia's finest stretches of white sand. The Marble Mountains -- five limestone and marble hills riddled with Buddhist sanctuaries and Cham Hindu temples dating to the 7th century -- rise directly from the sand 5 kilometres from the beach.

A remote archipelago of 16 islands 230 kilometres off the southern Vietnamese coast, Con Dao was Vietnam's most notorious prison colony from 1862 to 1975 -- where 20,000 Vietnamese independence fighters, including future Communist Party leaders, died in the so-called Tiger Cages. Today the same islands contain Vietnam's finest national park, with nesting leatherback sea turtles on protected beaches, dugongs feeding in seagrass meadows, and coral reefs ranked among the most pristine in Southeast Asia by the World Wildlife Fund.