
Alex Morgan / Wikipedia
Penalty shootouts are football's purest form of theatre — and the FIFA World Cup has produced some of the most nerve-shredding moments in sports history. From the very first shootout in 1982 to Messi's ice-cold kick in 2022, these 12 shootouts account for 8 eliminations decided by a single missed spot kick. Baggio's miss in 1994, Beckham's red card in 1998, Schumacher's unpunished assault in 1982 — this is the list that defines World Cup drama, heartbreak, and redemption.
Curated by our sports editors. Statistical evidence sets the floor; community vote moves the order.
Emiliano Martínez saved Kingsley Coman's penalty and Aurelien Tchouameni blazed over as Argentina won 4-2 on penalties after the most dramatic final in the history of football. Kylian Mbappé scored a hat-trick in 97 seconds to force extra time from 3-1 down, then equalized again at 3-3 to drag the shootout into existence. Lionel Messi scored his penalty ice-cold to end a 36-year wait and seal his World Cup. More than 1.5 billion people watched worldwide — the most-watched sporting event of the decade.
The first World Cup Final to be decided by penalties and still the most watched in history, with over 1 billion viewers in 1994. Roberto Baggio's skied miss gave Brazil a 3-2 shootout win after 120 goalless minutes at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena. Baggio placed his hands on his head and his image became the most reproduced sporting photograph of the decade — a portrait of unbearable public failure that defined an era of Italian football.
Stuart Pearce and Chris Waddle missed as England lost their third consecutive major tournament shootout. Gazza cried. A nation collectively experienced sporting heartbreak on a scale not seen before. The shootout has haunted English football for 35 years, inspiring rule changes, specialist coaches, and an entire industry of psychological research into penalty taking.

Emiliano Martínez saved two penalties as Argentina won 4-3 after an extraordinary match that ended 2-2 and featured Messi's most provocative performance ever. His deliberate taunt of the Dutch bench after scoring, combined with Martínez's notorious mind-game goal celebrations, generated days of media controversy. Wout Weghorst had equalized in the 83rd and 90+11th minutes to force extra time, making Argentina's shootout win feel like a miracle.
Spain's 2010 quarterfinal shootout win over Paraguay in Johannesburg completed their journey to a first World Cup title. David Villa scored from the spot as Spain won 5-3 on penalties after Oscar Cardozo blazed over for Paraguay. The psychological significance went beyond the result: Spain were proving they could win the ugly way after decades of beautiful-football-but-no-silverware trauma, resolving a complex national identity crisis that had gripped Spanish football since 1964.
The first ever World Cup penalty shootout produced one of the tournament's greatest dramas. France led 3-1 in extra time before West Germany mounted an extraordinary comeback to force penalties. Harald Schumacher's brutal foul on Patrick Battiston — which knocked him unconscious and was unpunished — remains one of the most controversial moments in World Cup history. West Germany won 5-4 on penalties in a match that changed football's relationship with justice and fair play.
Goalkeeper Yassine Bounou (Bono) saved penalties from Pablo Sarabia and Carlos Soler as Morocco eliminated Spain 3-0 on penalties after 120 goalless minutes in Doha. The result shocked European football — Spain, runners-up in 2010, were beaten without conceding or scoring a single goal across 120 minutes. Morocco became the first African nation to reach the World Cup semi-finals, triggering celebrations across the Arab world and a night of euphoria in Casablanca seen by an estimated 25 million people.
Italy won 5-3 on penalties in Berlin after Zidane's infamous headbutt on Marco Materazzi sent the France captain off in the 110th minute of his final professional game. David Trezeguet was Italy's villain, hitting the crossbar, as Fabio Grosso slotted the winning kick. Italy won the World Cup despite having been dominated for most of the 90 minutes — a match history will always remember for the headbutt rather than the penalty shootout or the scoreline.
David Beckham's red card for flicking his heel at Diego Simeone defined English football for years, as ten-man England were eliminated 4-3 on penalties despite Michael Owen's wonder goal making it 2-2. Sol Campbell's disallowed header and Beckham's sending-off remain two of the most controversial moments in World Cup history. David Batty and Paul Ince missed as Argentina progressed.
Jens Lehmann used a secret notepad hidden in his sock listing the tendency of each Argentine penalty taker — and saved two penalties from Ayala and Cambiasso to send Germany through 4-2. The revelation of the "cheat sheet" transformed penalty preparation across world football, as every goalkeeper coach subsequently adopted detailed pre-match shootout dossiers.
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Emiliano Martínez saved Kingsley Coman's penalty and Aurelien Tchouameni blazed over as Argentina won 4-2 on penalties after the most dramatic final in the history of football. Kylian Mbappé scored a hat-trick in 97 seconds to force extra time from 3-1 down, then equalized again at 3-3 to drag the shootout into existence. Lionel Messi scored his penalty ice-cold to end a 36-year wait and seal his World Cup. More than 1.5 billion people watched worldwide — the most-watched sporting event of the decade.
The first World Cup Final to be decided by penalties and still the most watched in history, with over 1 billion viewers in 1994. Roberto Baggio's skied miss gave Brazil a 3-2 shootout win after 120 goalless minutes at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena. Baggio placed his hands on his head and his image became the most reproduced sporting photograph of the decade — a portrait of unbearable public failure that defined an era of Italian football.
Stuart Pearce and Chris Waddle missed as England lost their third consecutive major tournament shootout. Gazza cried. A nation collectively experienced sporting heartbreak on a scale not seen before. The shootout has haunted English football for 35 years, inspiring rule changes, specialist coaches, and an entire industry of psychological research into penalty taking.

Emiliano Martínez saved two penalties as Argentina won 4-3 after an extraordinary match that ended 2-2 and featured Messi's most provocative performance ever. His deliberate taunt of the Dutch bench after scoring, combined with Martínez's notorious mind-game goal celebrations, generated days of media controversy. Wout Weghorst had equalized in the 83rd and 90+11th minutes to force extra time, making Argentina's shootout win feel like a miracle.
Spain's 2010 quarterfinal shootout win over Paraguay in Johannesburg completed their journey to a first World Cup title. David Villa scored from the spot as Spain won 5-3 on penalties after Oscar Cardozo blazed over for Paraguay. The psychological significance went beyond the result: Spain were proving they could win the ugly way after decades of beautiful-football-but-no-silverware trauma, resolving a complex national identity crisis that had gripped Spanish football since 1964.
The first ever World Cup penalty shootout produced one of the tournament's greatest dramas. France led 3-1 in extra time before West Germany mounted an extraordinary comeback to force penalties. Harald Schumacher's brutal foul on Patrick Battiston — which knocked him unconscious and was unpunished — remains one of the most controversial moments in World Cup history. West Germany won 5-4 on penalties in a match that changed football's relationship with justice and fair play.
Goalkeeper Yassine Bounou (Bono) saved penalties from Pablo Sarabia and Carlos Soler as Morocco eliminated Spain 3-0 on penalties after 120 goalless minutes in Doha. The result shocked European football — Spain, runners-up in 2010, were beaten without conceding or scoring a single goal across 120 minutes. Morocco became the first African nation to reach the World Cup semi-finals, triggering celebrations across the Arab world and a night of euphoria in Casablanca seen by an estimated 25 million people.
Italy won 5-3 on penalties in Berlin after Zidane's infamous headbutt on Marco Materazzi sent the France captain off in the 110th minute of his final professional game. David Trezeguet was Italy's villain, hitting the crossbar, as Fabio Grosso slotted the winning kick. Italy won the World Cup despite having been dominated for most of the 90 minutes — a match history will always remember for the headbutt rather than the penalty shootout or the scoreline.
David Beckham's red card for flicking his heel at Diego Simeone defined English football for years, as ten-man England were eliminated 4-3 on penalties despite Michael Owen's wonder goal making it 2-2. Sol Campbell's disallowed header and Beckham's sending-off remain two of the most controversial moments in World Cup history. David Batty and Paul Ince missed as Argentina progressed.
Jens Lehmann used a secret notepad hidden in his sock listing the tendency of each Argentine penalty taker — and saved two penalties from Ayala and Cambiasso to send Germany through 4-2. The revelation of the "cheat sheet" transformed penalty preparation across world football, as every goalkeeper coach subsequently adopted detailed pre-match shootout dossiers.

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