
Core Identity: René Descartes (1596–1650) is celebrated as the foundational figure of modern Western rationalist philosophy and mathematical analysis Foundational Thesis: Inaugurated epistemological foundationalism by applying methodical doubt to discover an indubitable truth: the thinking self (Cogito, ergo sum) Scientific Dualism: Formulated substance dualism (res cogitans vs. res extensa), proposing that mind and matter are distinct substances whose mechanistic physical laws govern nature 1606–1618 (Jesuit Formation & Law): Educated at the Jesuit College of La Flèche, then earned a baccalaureate and licence in civil and canon law at the University of Poitiers in 1616
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