
The Battle of Gettysburg (July 1–3, 1863) was the largest and bloodiest engagement of the American Civil War, fought between the Union Army of the Potomac under Maj. Gen. George Gordon Meade and the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia under Gen. Robert E. Lee Resulting in over 51,000 combined casualties (killed, wounded, or missing) across three days, the Union victory halted Lee's second invasion of the North and—paired with the fall of Vicksburg on July 4, 1863—marked the strategic turning point of the war Interior Lines ("Fish Hook" Defense): On July 2–3, Meade's Army of the Potomac anchored a compact defensive arc from Culp's Hill and Cemetery Hill down Cemetery Ridge to Little Round Top, enabling rapid lateral reinforcement against Lee's exterior-line assaults Cavalry Blindness & Tactical Culmination: With Jeb Stuart's cavalry separated from the Army of Northern Virginia during the final week of June, Lee entered Gettysburg without reconnaissance and culminated on July 3 with Pickett's Charge, losing over 5,000 men in a single hour Force & Casualty Breakdown: Union fielded ~94,000 troops and suffered ~23,000 casualties (>3,100 killed); Confederates fielded >71,000 troops and suffered ~28,000 casualties (~3,900 killed), totaling ~51,000 casualties and ~7,000 deaths Civil War Bloodiest Benchmark: Gettysburg ranks #1 in total casualties (~51,000) among all Civil War battles, ahead of Chickamauga and Gains' Mill/Cold Harbor (~33,000 combined), while Antietam (22,720) remains the bloodiest single day
Does Battle of Gettysburg deserve the #8 spot on “Top 10 Battles That Changed World History”?
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