Target (2013)

The 2013 Target data breach marked a significant turning point in cybersecurity, prompting a global re-evaluation of security protocols within major corporations. Threat actors gained access to Target's systems through a compromised HVAC vendor, ultimately exfiltrating 40 million credit card numbers and 70 million customer records, including names, addresses, phone numbers, and email addresses. This incident notably surpassed the 2007 TJX breach, which previously held the record for the largest retail breach with 45.6 million credit and debit card numbers stolen, highlighting the increasing sophistication of cyber threats. In the aftermath, Target faced substantial financial repercussions, including a reported net loss of $292 million and an estimated cost exceeding $200 million.