Head Transplant Experiments

A head transplant is the most audacious experiment in surgical history. In 1954, Soviet surgeon Vladimir Demikhov grafted a puppy's head onto a larger dog—both heads lived for days, drinking milk simultaneously, a 2-head survival rate of 100% at 72 hours. Italian neurosurgeon Sergio Canavero claimed in 2017 he'd perform the first human head transplant. The science is real, with a 2017 estimated cost of $100 million, but the ethics spark horror-movie debates.