COP30 in Belem Sets New Emissions Targets

The UN Climate Conference COP30, held in Belem, Brazil in November 2025, produced a new set of nationally determined contributions with countries committing to a collective 60% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from 2019 levels by 2035. The agreement was considered a modest step forward but fell short of the ambition scientists called for. The inclusion of a loss-and-damage finance mechanism for vulnerable nations was hailed as a breakthrough.