Milgram Obedience Experiments (1963)

Milgram's 1963 Yale studies demonstrated that 65% of participants delivered what they believed were lethal 450-volt shocks under authority pressure, a result that reshaped research ethics. Critics like Gina Perry argue that the methodology included researcher pressure and selective reporting, undermining the original conclusions. Despite this, its core finding outperforms the Stanford Prison Experiment (#2), as independent replications have confirmed similar obedience rates, whereas Stanford's results are largely unreproducible.