Sumatran Elephant

Fewer than 2,800 Sumatran elephants survive on the Indonesian island, a 50% population crash in a single generation—steeper than the decline of the #9 Yangtze finless porpoise. Habitat loss from logging and agricultural expansion has reduced their range by 70% since 1980, far exceeding the typical rate for Asian elephant subspecies. Urgent protection of the Leuser Ecosystem could reverse this trend, but remaining forest patches are 40% smaller than the minimum needed for long-term viability.