Neolithic Revolution (circa 10000 BC)

The Neolithic Revolution — the transition from hunter-gatherer lifestyles to settled agriculture beginning around 10,000 BC in the Fertile Crescent — is arguably the most consequential transformation in human history. Settled agriculture enabled population growth, food surplus, specialisation of labour, social stratification, writing, cities, and ultimately civilisation itself. Without it, no other revolution on this list is possible.