Anatoly Karpov (born 1951) was the 12th World Chess Champion, holding the title from 1975 to 1985 after Bobby Fischer forfeited rather than defend his crown, then winning the FIDE title again from 1993 to 1999. His three epic matches against Kasparov — totalling 144 games across 1984 to 1986 — constitute the most sustained high-level chess rivalry in history, with the abandoned 1984–85 contest alone lasting five months and 48 games. A supreme positional player renowned for his boa-constrictor style of slowly suffocating opponents, Karpov won over 160 major tournaments — a record unmatched by any other world champion.
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