Brazil Amazon Drought and Fires (July-November 2025)

Brazil's Amazon region endured its worst drought in recorded history in 2025, with the Solimoes and Negro rivers falling to levels not seen in 150 years of record-keeping. Drought-induced fires burned over 5 million hectares, blanketing Manaus and other Amazonian cities in smoke for weeks. Thousands of river dolphins died as lakes evaporated, and subsistence communities dependent on river transport faced acute food insecurity across a region of 3 million people.