Mesopotamian civilisations β Sumer, Akkad, Babylon, and Assyria β produced humanity's first writing system (cuneiform), first legal code (Hammurabi), first cities, first organised religion, first mathematics using base-60 (still used for time and angles), and the first literature (the Epic of Gilgamesh, the world's oldest written story). Everything we call "civilisation" has its roots in the Tigris-Euphrates valley.

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