Classical Athens (5th-4th century BC) produced democracy, philosophy (Socrates, Plato, Aristotle), drama (Sophocles, Euripides, Aristophanes), history (Thucydides, Herodotus), and the mathematical and scientific tradition that β transmitted through Rome and the Islamic world β eventually produced the European Renaissance and the Scientific Revolution. Western civilisation is, in substantial part, an extended footnote to ancient Greece.

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