Gardens by the Bay Supertrees, Singapore

Singapore's Supertrees at Gardens by the Bay are Earth's most self-sustaining vertical landscapes: 18 living towers rising 25–50 metres, each clad in over 150 species of plants. Designed by Grant Associates and finished in 2012, their photovoltaic cells generate 250 kilowatt-hours daily—enough to power the entire site's lighting—while rainwater collection systems harvest 90% of precipitation. This energy efficiency is 50% higher than the average green building in urban tropical climates. They outperform #4, the CCTV Headquarters, in ecological integration, using 30% less external energy for climate control. The tallest supertree features a canopy walkway 42 metres high, offering panoramic views that draw 8 million annual visitors, cementing their role as both functional infrastructure and iconic spectacle.