Narendra Modi

India's prime minister since 2014 has overseen rapid economic growth and infrastructure modernisation while facing accusations of fostering Hindu nationalism at the expense of India's secular constitution and its 200 million Muslim citizens. The 2019 Citizenship Amendment Act, the revocation of Kashmir's autonomy, and incidents of communal violence have fuelled a debate about whether India's democracy is backsliding under his BJP government. His supporters see him as a transformational moderniser; critics see an erosion of pluralism.