Filippo Brunelleschi

Filippo Brunelleschi's dome of the Florence Cathedral (1436), spanning 44 meters wide and rising 91 meters tall, remains the largest masonry dome ever constructed, outperforming #9's typical structural limits through its innovative double-shell herringbone brick technique built without any external scaffolding. He formalized linear perspective in painting in 1415, positioning him as the founding figure of Renaissance architecture. This dome is 30% lighter than a solid stone dome of equivalent size, a feat unmatched until modern engineering.