Microsoft Majorana Topological Qubits

Microsoft's Majorana Topological Qubits represent the first viable engineering path to a million qubits on a single chip, a milestone conventional architectures cannot claim. On February 19, 2025, Microsoft unveiled Majorana 1, the world's first topological qubit processor, using Majorana fermions to encode information non-locally across the qubit's topology, providing intrinsic protection against noise unlike Google Willow or IBM's superconducting qubits, which suffer from environmental disturbance. A February 2026 demonstration achieved single-shot readout with parity coherence exceeding 1 millisecond, a concrete milestone proving these qubits can hold a quantum state long enough for useful circuits. This reduces error-correction overhead by several orders of magnitude compared to conventional approaches, making large-scale quantum computing more feasible.