mRNA Therapeutics Beyond Vaccines

The COVID-19 vaccines proved mRNA can safely instruct human cells to produce any protein at scale. Personalized mRNA cancer vaccines showed 44 percent reduction in melanoma recurrence in Moderna 2023 Phase 2b trial. The manufacturing breakthrough is lipid nanoparticle delivery targeting specific tissues. Nearest FDA approvals expected 2025-2027 for melanoma and pancreatic cancer. Long-term potential includes a universal flu vaccine updated annually and treatments for any disease defined by a protein target.