The Shallows — Nicholas Carr (2010)

The Shallows remains the definitive diagnosis of how the internet rewires the human brain for distraction. Nicholas Carr synthesised dozens of neuroscience studies to show that online activity degrades the neural capacity for deep reading, reducing sustained attention by an average of 40% compared to pre-digital norms. Published in 2010, before smartphones saturated daily life, its thesis has been validated by subsequent research showing that the average office worker now switches tasks every 3 minutes. For anyone seeking the foundational text on digital cognition, this is it.