Brazil

Brazil, with 213.4 million people, has seen its population growth slow to just 0.4% annually, causing it to slip from fifth place a decade ago to seventh, edging past #8 Bangladesh by a margin of 43.6 million. Its fertility rate of 1.6 births per woman is now below replacement level, a stark contrast to #6 Nigeria's 5.1 rate, and the median age of 33.5 years reflects an aging population. As the largest country in South America, Brazil's demographic shift is evidenced by a net migration loss of roughly 200,000 people yearly, further suppressing growth. Without a reversal, Brazil's share of the global population will continue to shrink, dropping below 2.5% by 2050, while fast-growing African nations ascend.