Juventus FC

Founded on November 1, 1897, by a group of grammar school students in Turin, Juventus originally wore pink shirts before adopting its signature black-and-white vertical stripes in 1903. The club won its first Italian league championship in 1905 and came under the ownership of the Agnelli family (Fiat/Exor) in 1923, establishing one of the longest-running family ownerships in global sport. Juventus's competitive advantage historically rests on vertical institutional integration: ownership of its own modern stadium (Allianz Stadium, opened 2011) alongside a dedicated Next Gen (Serie C) reserve squad and a dominant Juventus Women's program, insulating revenues compared with municipal-stadium Italian rivals. Domestic Dominance: Juventus has won more Italian league championships than any other club in history, including an unprecedented nine consecutive Serie A titles from 2011–12 through 2019–20.