Uganda

Uganda closes the list with 45.9 million people packed into just 241,550 km², making it one of Africa’s most densely populated nations at 190 people per km²—nearly 10 times denser than #9 Algeria. Driven by a median age of 16, one of the world's youngest populations, its annual growth rate of 3.3% surpasses the African average by 0.8 percentage points. This youthful demographic fuels rapid urbanization but strains infrastructure, with 48% of citizens under 15. In comparison to the runner-up in population, Uganda is 2.7% smaller yet covers 90% less land, highlighting extreme density challenges that require innovative agricultural solutions.